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San'a
Le Palace Hôtel de la Vieille San'a, droit
devant, est une de ces grandes maisons traditionnelles sans âge qui
ont été converties en hôtel. Elle était tout simplement belle, les
murs ont bougé au travers des âges et rien n'était rectiligne ou à
angle droit, elle était de forme humaine avec des rides et des bosses,
animée des vibrations de la multitude qui y avait vécu au travers des
âges. |
| La vieille Sana'a
est un endroit idéal pour errer, regarder et admirer les bâtiments,
les gens et les boutiques. Elle est tout à fait unique.
Les
dames assises dans l'ombre à gauche vivaient de la vente de petits
bouquets de qat enveloppés dans des sacs mouillés pour les tenir au
frais. On trouve des vendeurs de qat partout. L'industrie du qat
nourrit beaucoup de petits vendeurs comme ceux-ci mais c'est une
terrible hémorragie pour l'économie du pays à cause du coût élevé de
cette habitude et de la perte de temps de production qu'elle cause aux
travailleurs. Encore plus grave est perte de devises étrangères qu'il
provoque car la plus grande partie est importée quotidiennement par
avion de Éthiopie et de Érythrée
J'y ai goûté, mais ça ne m'a pas réussi, ça m'a seulement
engourdi la langue, une perte d'argent! En fait, les Yéménites ne
mâchent pas le qat tout seuls, ils l'utilisent surtout dans un ancien
rituel social dans lequel le fait de donner et d'accepter le qat avait
probablement pour premier objectif la recherche de la paix. |
|
Sana’a lies in the mid of the western
mountainous chain which stretches from the far north of Yemen to the
south. It is surrounded by a number of Governates: Sa’da to the north
and Dhamar to the south, Jouf and Marib to the east and Hudaidah to
the west. On the northwestern side arc the two Governates of Hajja and
Mahweet. The topography of Sana’a varies between basins, beds, and
wadis (valleys) involving fetile lands and green amphitheatric
mountains. Within its ranges is the highest mountain top top Ariabia
and Mesopotamia, Prophet Sha’aib Mount, which reaches 3760m above sea
level. Sana’a is famous for growing all kinds of grain, fruit, and
vegetables and produces the best quality grapes and Yemeni coffee,
Matai
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Sana’a is one of the
ancient Yemen cities dating date back to the
Sabean dynasty. The oldest
reference to it existence is found in inscriptions which date back to
the 1st Century AD. The inscription also refers to the
historical Palace of Ghamdan
associated with the Salheen Palace in Marib. This suggests that Sana’a
was the capital of the Himyarite dynasty at the onset of the 6th
Century AD
When King
Yousef Athar Dhu Nawas, the last of the Himyarite kings, was in power.
It was also the capital of thc Abyssinian rules and after them the
Persians who also made Sana’a their capital.
The houses of old Sana’a are known as
’tower houses’ with some reaching eight storeys. In old Sana’a there
are more than 14,000 such houses. From the middle of old Sana’a cow
market (Soq al-bakar), one can walk 500m in any direction without
coming across new buildings. The ground and first floors of the old
city houses are built of stone with the upper floors being built of
mud. The floors are separated from one another with a strip of the
same building material. The rooms are lit with marble arched
stained-glass windows. The exterior walls are decorated with ornaments
coated with lime in an up-
Dated architectural style and similar materials. The ground floors
are used as stores, while the large first floors are used for
entertaining. There are also rooms allocated for women and children.
The Mafraj is the male domain, located at the top of the house, and is
a rectangular room with broad windows allowing good sight of the
surrounding. It is the most decorated and beautiful room in the house.
Old Sana’a was exposed to many natural disasters and war calamities,
the most severe of which was the sweeping floods in the late 9th
century. However, it was rebuilt and restored to its original
condition and then expanded during the Jacobean Reign in the 12th
century AD, when they built what is called Sultan Orchard . The city
also witnessed expansion under the first Ottoman period, and a new
quarter was added to Sana’a called Quarter of Beer al-Azab, which was
populated by the senior officials. This quarter was distinct in its
architectural style differing from that of Old Sana’a with regard to
orchards and fountains. In the middle of the 16th century, Sana’a
again expanded by adding the ”Qa’a Al-Yahud”, The Jewish Quarter”. |
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Soqutra
Soqutra, famous
for its unique biodiversity, is now a reality as a new tourist
destination.
Its beauty,
ancient history and its remoteness, makes the island a destination
suitable for anyone that wants to experience to one of the last
unspoiled spots in the world. |
The
Yemeni Islands
This part of the
country consists of islands scattered along the coasts of Yemen. There
are 120 islands, most of which are located in the Red Sea. The biggest
islands are Kamaran, Greater Hunaish, Minor Hunaish, the rest of
Archipelago, Zaqar, Zubair, AL-Tayr and the strategic island of Meon at
the Bab AI-Mandeb. In addition there are islands located in the Gulf of
Aden and thc Arabian Sea, the largest of which is Soqatra.
Education in Yemen
Literacy rate is low even thou it is
constantly raising. There is also a difference between the rates for males
and females. There were a lot of traditional Islamic schools in Northern
Yemen until 1962. when they developed the modern scholar system. Egyptians
are mostly their teacher since they had problems finding qualified Yemeni
teachers. After the World War 2 the system in the Southern Yemen was
Communistic and secular. The scholar system was very developed and they
tried to give access to all levels in three- stage system. Two major
universities are University of San'a (founded in 1970.), variety of
specialized colleges, and The University of Aden (founded in 1975.) which
offers similar education
The Justice System
The North has two justice systems, the
religious one with the Shari’ah (Islamic law) which depends which sect you
are in Zaydi or Shafi’l, and the tribal law called ‘urf used mostly by
tribes for fixing their own problems. In the South it is the Marxist
government even though there is a history of British common law. In the
rural areas they still respect the Shari’ah and the tribal law. Yemen
Socialistic Party is the only legal political organization in Southern
Yemen, while in Northern Yemen there are more..
JS |
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 |
Capitale: SANA'A
Superficie: 527 970 km²
Population: 17 million
PIB: 1 955 US$
Language
Arabic is the official language of the
country, with English being the most widely used second language.
The Republic of Yemen
lies in the South of Arabia (The Arabian Peninsula), south-west of
Asia, between latitudes 12 and 20 degrees to the north of the
equator, and between longitudes 41and 54 degrees to the south of
Greenwich, bordered on the north by Saudi Arabia, on the south by
the Arab Sea and the Gulf of Aden, on the east by the Sultanate of
Oman and on the west by the Red Sea
|
Le Yémen, la "Arabia Felix" de
l'antiquité, avait le climat et le sol appropriés pour la culture d'une
grande variété d'arbres et buissons dont les résines séchées produisent
d'agréables odeurs quand on les brûle. Les plus connus de ces produits,
l'encens et la myrrhe avaient une grande valeur rituelle pour les anciens
Égyptiens et plus tard pour les Grecs et les Romains.
Le Yémen compte
plusieurs ethnies arabes et non arabes. On distingue les Arabes yéménites
du Centre, les Arabes yéménites du Nord, les Arabes yéménites du Sud, les
Arabes yéménites de la Tihama (une bande côtière de moins de 50 km de
largeur), les Arabes soudanais, les Arabes omanais, les Arabes de l'île
Socotra, les Arabes mésopotamiens, les Arabes palestiniens, les Arabes
égyptiens, les Arabes du Golfe et les Hobyots
|
|
www.infoplease.com |
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www.yementourism.com
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Republic of Yemen
Yemen, officially the
Republic of Yemen, re-unified on the 22nd of May,1990
(one of the most important Yemeni National Days). Before
the unification, Yemen had been divided into two parts,
North Yemen and South Yemen. The Republic of Yemen is a
democratic country. The people of Yemen are the
possessors and the source of legitimacy and power, which
they execute directly through referendum and elections.
It is a constitutional State; its governmental system is
founded on the basis of the pluralism with three powers,
judicial, legislative and executive |
|
www.yemenembassy.org.uk |
| The
administrative units of the Republic of Yemen consist of
19 Governates and the capital secretariat, the city of
Sana'a. |
|
Autour de 1200 avant JC ce
commerce est devenu la base du premier royaume (Minéen) qui a perduré
jusqu'en 650 avant JC. Autour de 1000 avant JC, l'agriculture irriguée et
le commerce ont permis la naissance du Royaume de Saba qui a duré jusqu'à
ce que sa grande digue Ma'rib cède pour la dernière fois en 570 après JC.
La Reine de Saba, Bilitis, a rendu visite à Salomon et son fils Menelek a
fondé la dynastie Abyssinienne au 10ième siècle avant JC. Beaucoup plus
tard, un troisième royaume, celui des Himyarites a pris une importance
historique du 2ième aux 6ième siècles après JC, en partageant
alternativement le contrôle du détroit de Bab al Mandab, et donc du
commerce à travers la Mer Rouge, avec l'Empire Abyssinien de Saba, du coté
Africain.
|
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www.ethnologue.com |
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Republic of Yemen, al-Jumhurïyah
al-Yamaniyah. 20,024,867. National or official language:
Standard Arabic. Literacy rate: 25% to 39%. Also
includes Egyptian Spoken Arabic (10,000), Gulf Spoken
Arabic (10,000), Hindi (232,760), Hobyót, Somali
(678,904), Western Cham, people from Africa (28,000),
India and Pakistan (65,000). Information mainly from T.
Sebeok 1970; R. F. Nyrop 1986; T. M. Johnstone 1987.
Deaf population: 1,052,571. The number of languages
listed for Yemen is 8. Of those, all are living
languages |
|
www.yemenembassy.org.uk |
|
The
administrative units of the Republic of Yemen consist of
19 Governates and the capital secretariat, the city of
Sana'a |
|
www.arab.net/yemen |
|
wiki/Sanaa
|
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Au 6ième siècle les Perses ont envahi la
Péninsule Arabe et quand le gouverneur Perse du Yémen s'est converti à
l'Islam en 628, les Yéménites en ont fait autant. Plusieurs petits états
se disputaient le territoire mais finalement la dynastie Chiite Zaydi a
émergé au nord, et la région de Hadhramaout au sud a été stabilisée par la
dynastie Kathiride d'obédience Sunni, au 15ième siècle. Le Nord était
occupé par les Ottomans et le Sud par les Anglais, mais les deux dynasties
ont survécu et se sont combattu jusqu'à la création de la conservatrice
République Arabe du Yémen du Nord en 1962 et de la République marxiste du
Yémen du Sud en 1967. Après une série de guerres indécises en 1972, 1978
et 1979, les deux parties ont opté pour l'unification en 1991, après
l'effondrement de l'Union Soviétique. Il y a eu une courte révolution
quand le sud s'est rebellé en 1993 mais la situation est calme depuis 1994
à l'exception de quelques des rixes entre tribus de temps en temps...
 |
UNESCO has
considered Sana’a an aspect of international human heritage and
undertook an international camping to protect, safeguard and
maintain it, in 1984 |
 |
Les Yéménites ont inventé
les gratte-ciel il y a plusieurs siècles. Cette caractéristique
de l'architecture traditionnelle yéménite se retrouve non
seulement dans les villes, mais aussi dans les campagnes où le
rez-de-chaussée sert d'abri pour les animaux domestiques et
l'étage suivant ou les deux suivants, servent de magasins. Puis
vient l'étage des réceptions publiques ou diwan, suivi par deux
ou plusieurs étages où se trouvent les chambres d'habitation de
la famille et la cuisine. Finalement, on utilise le dernier
étage et la terrasse pour la relaxation intime et pour le très
important rituel social de mâcher du qat. |
 |
 |
 |
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Sana'a
L'origine de l'ancienne
San'a se perd dans la nuit des temps, mais ces murs ont été
construits la première fois au 2ième siècle. San'a a servi de
capitale à diverses périodes et est redevenue la capitale depuis
1962. A cette période la population était de 55 000 habitants et
il n'y avait rien que des champs en dehors de ces murs.
Maintenant la Vieille Ville n'est qu'une petite partie d'une
ville qui approche du million d'habitants. |
Le Yémen a été isolé et les touristes l'ont
évité à cause de ces événements, mais il a tellement à offrir que
l'industrie du tourisme pourrait devenir une source importante de revenus
s'elle était développée intelligemment.
Sana’a
is the most beautiful city in Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula. It is a
miraculous city with matchless architectural style. It can be said that it
is a fantastic Islamic museum and international cultural center in the
some way as Jerusalem (Al-Quds), Fass, Venice and Florence.
Sana’a
in the various stages of its history, continued to be an important city or
capital for a ruling sovereignty. It was an important station on the trade
route which started at Aden, passed through the mountains and on to Sana’a.
This route was known as As’ad Route or the Route of the Elephant Owners.
During the Islamic period, Sana’a entered another stage and put on a new
fashion, with the Holy Mosque replacing the Church of Ibraha (Al-Qallis).
Thus, the minarets and domes dominated the skyline of the city. Schools
and steam baths (Hamamat) were built. Gardens were expanded to become
luscious outlets for the surrounding houses. It is believed that the
foundations of some of the houses today date hack more than 1,000 years,
taking into consideration the tradition to rebuild on top of collapsing
houses.
Sana’a has been known by different
names throughout history. It was named the
City of Shem,
after Shem the son of Noah, who was mentioned in the holy books as the
first person ordered to build it. It was also known as ’Azal’,
which is mentioned in the Old Testament for one of the sons of
Yaqtin ibn Aa’z.
The root of the name appears in the ancient Yemeni language, meaning
strength and vigour. Sana’a rhymes with the word Hasnaa (very beautiful
UNESCO has considered
Sana’a an aspect of international human heritage and undertook an
international camping to protect, safeguard and maintain it, in 1984
|
Yemen, cuyo nombre en árabe se pronuncia AL-YAMAN, aparece en los
libros de historia con muchos nombres. Los antiguos geógrafos la
llamaron "Arabia Feliz". En el Antiguo Testamento, Yemen es mencionado
como El Sur y la Reina de Saba, la Reina del Sur, Reina Timna. Se dice
que la palabra AL-YAMAN deriva del nombre del gobernante AYMAN IBN
YA'RUB QAHTAN.
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Las antiguas leyendas árabes, e incluso los actuales yemeníes dicen
que AL-YAMAN deriva de la palabra AL-YUMN (que significa bendiciones
y prosperidad). Este significado concuerda con el nombre de "Arabia
Feliz".
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Otros dicen que la denominación AL-YAMAN deriva de yumna (la derecha
de la Kaaba...). Los árabes acostumbran orientarse con respecto a la
derecha debido a que este lado es símbolo de fortuna. Sin embargo,
algunos yemeníes continúan llamando al norte "Al-SHAM" y al sur "AL-YAMAN".
Hoy en día, el nombre oficial del país es "República de Yemen".
Fuente:
www.yemen-explorers |
Links
Sheba
is the oldest of the Yemeni civilizations. Historians consider the start
of the Sabean Dynasty as the beginning of historical accounts for
Yemen's ancient states. This historical period began in 715BC, the year
when Yathea'a Amirbayn, one of the oldest Macarabi, King of Sheba, paid
protection money to Serjoun, the King of Assyria, as told by the
Assyrian annals.
Environment of Yemen
Wildlife in Yemen is very rich, but there are some endangered spices.
There are 13 birds, such as northern bald ibis, and 5 mammal spices
endangered. Some of them are the South Arabian leopard, Green sea
turtle and Hawksbill Queen of Saba’s gazelle and the Sa‘udi Gazelle
exist only kept in captivity. Plants in Yemen can be divided in
three geographical categories: the coastal plain (with dry-climate
plants (dates, bananas, cotton, euphorbia, species etc.)), the
middle highlands (with melons, nuts, grapes, grains, euphorbia,
eucalyptus, sycamore, figs etc.) and the mountainous interior (with
coffee, woody shrubs and trees). Most of the fauna and flora is
however in the sea. When it comes to fish the most common ones are
tuna, shark, sardines, lobster, and squid. There is a Water and
Environment Center because there are a lot of crisis with water in
Yemen. Today only six percent of Yemen is forested.
History
of Yemen Islam in
Kingdom Southern Modern Yemen of Yemen Yemen Yemen Zaydi Ottomans
The British Civil War the 9th 22nd May 1839. 628-630 A.D. century
1538. 1918. 1967. 1990 1994. Imam Yahya made the Kingdom of Yemen On
this day Differences A sect from after the in power Iran called
defeating Southern and other (People’s thing caused Zaydi was the
Turks. introduced Later his Democratic the civil war. In this year
to Yemen. grandson republic) North won When the Turks the People’s
These was and and made Persian Occupied Democratic people overthrow
Republic of Northern new plans Governor of Yemen and (Yemen's for
the worshiped n by Yemen was Yemen Yemen Arab government Badhan Zayd
ibn’Ali stayed revolutioni made by as the direct sts who Republic)
such as converted to under Turks British took Aden heir of The made
the Yemen pledges to Islam so did for almost over Aden gaining
Prophet Yemen united into protect many sheikhs four and the
independen Muhammad. Ottoman Arab ce from the the Republic political
and their centuries of Yemen. democracy. tribes. (380 years).
Empire. republic. British.
Customs
And Traditions
Jambiyah is a traditional weapon (a blade) that both males and
females perform dances with. Yemenis dance in weddings, and other
similar gatherings but males and females dance separately. -Jambiyah
Yemenis are the most famous for craftsmanship, even thou today there
aren't many artists doing this. The biggest tradition in Yemen that
comes from ancient times is telling poems and proverbs. These
proverbs and poems are carried orally throughout the centuries.
These proverbs and poems mostly talk about timeless and priceless
things such as love, death, happiness, but they also talk about
biographies, history and historical events and traditions.
Queen
of Saba The story
of the Queen of Saba (or Sheba in Hebrew) is very famous in
Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Ethiopian culture. The legend is
that she was the queen of the Kingdom of Sheba, located somewhere
between Ethiopia and Yemen and that she lived sometime in 10th
century BC. The Queen of Saba had many names and there are lots of
different stories about her and pictures of her. Here is the
Ethiopian version: King Solomon gave Queen of Saba spicy food to eat
so that she would spend the night in the castle. King Solomon made a
promise he will not take the Queen by force if she promises not to
steal anything. In the middle of the night she woke up and drank a
cup of water. King Solomon said that she broke her promise since
water is very precious in the desert. They spend the night together
and Queen of Saba later gave birth to Menelik l, first Ethiopian
Emperor. This story is a part of Yemen’s tradition. Some even write
it in the articles about Yemen’s history. The main thing is that The
Kingdom of Sheba was near the Yemen we know today and Yemenis find
that important.
Tourism in Yemen People
in Yemen are very welcoming. Yemen has a lot of natural beauties, but its
not yet as poplar as Dubai for example. Here are the two top places to
visit: On the picture on the left is Sana’a the capital of Yemen. They say
it is the oldest city, probably founded by Sham - son of Noah. In 1984 it
was declared "World Heritage of Mankind“. The biggest tourist attraction
are the souk, old city and the National Museum. These are the best hotels
in Sana’a: Sheraton, Taj sheba, Hilton, Arabia Felix, Golden Daar and
Shaharan. On the picture on the right is Aden, the capital of the Southern
Yemen. It is an ancient city on the sea. The legends say, that Cain and
Abel founded Aden. It has beautiful ancient cisterns, the palace of the
sultan, the Aideroos-mosque, the Gold Mohur coast and you can go on a boat
cruise.
Annual precipitation in deserts is less than 250mm and less than
100mm in extreme deserts. Deserts have large diurnal temperature ranges
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http://www.bugbog.com/exotic_places/yemen_travel/yemen_travel_2.html
Background: North Yemen is an almost perfect picture of medieval Arab
life. It has a long history, buildings are ancient, unique and
spectacular, the people are fierce but friendly, and social habits are
curious. But until a few years ago tourists were not allowed to travel
in this extraordinary country.
We have to thank Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait for the opening of
Yemen to foreigners. When the government supported Iraq during the Gulf
crisis, thousands of expatriate workers in Mid-East countries were sent
home, cutting off one of the country's main sources of foreign currency.
Tourist dollars were the easiest and fastest way to replace the lost
income. So, with the end of the Gulf War came the beginning of foreign
travel.
Although the infrastructure for tourism is not well developed, the
attractions are clear
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http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/damluji00.htm
On the second day
of our excursion to the highlands of Yafa’ we reached al-Qudmah. This is
the tribal village of Fadhi al-Naqib who lives in Abu Dhabi but had
arranged for a friend of his in Aden, Hassan Ubaid, to accompany me as
host and guide. We had spent the previous night in Dhiyan where I had
the opportunity to admire the six storey stone house which Salem Saleb
Muhammad has recently had built there. This is an encouraging example of
a new building in traditional Yafa’i style, apart from the reception
room on the top floor which follows the Sana’ani pattern.
On our way to the
house of the village headman, Shaikh Abdul Rabb Ahmad Abubakr al-Naqib,
we passed an old man proceeding in the same direction. I was struck by
his dignified bearing and the refinement and gentleness expressed in his
features; as I reached for my camera Hassan exclaimed, ‘This is our
Shaikh’, and jumped down from the car to embrace the old man. Later,
above the simple doorway leading into the walled courtyard of the
Shaikh’s home, I saw a notice saying, ‘No visitors, please, after
7.30pm’! The walls and ceiling of his spacious reception room were
decorated with carved gypsum, and there were fanlights above the windows.
‘Yafa’ ’, remarked our host with a warm smile, ‘is an entity in itself
al—Mawsata is its heart, and the heart of al-Mawsata is al-Qu’aiti’. The
district of al-Mawsata, which also includes al-Qudmah, is said to have a
population of over 100,000. Upper Yafa’ has been divided into five
districts since before Islam, reflecting the balance of tribal forces in
the area.
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http://www.al-bab.com/yemen/trav/morris.htm
Some
84,000 tourists visited Yemen in 1997; fewer than a tenth of that number
came in 1999. A developed tourist infrastructure (a hundred local tourist
agencies, comfortable hotels in major towns, a much-improved road and air
network) stands idle. We did not meet a single tourist for the first two
of our three weeks in Yemen.
Dogs
dozed in the shuttered doorway of the main tourist-information office in
Sana'a. Disturbed from his own Ramadan slumbers, the man in charge rallied
a smile and a prayer for better times as he opened up.
We
flew from Sana'a to Hadramawt, not risking the overland route through the
ancient city of Marib and across the dunes of the Empty Quarter. Here the
writ of the tribes carries more weight than that of the government, and
travellers to these remote parts are advised to pay £200 for a group of
Bedouins to drive ahead and alert would-be brigands that the travellers
are locally vouched for.
We
descended from the plateau into the claustrophobic world of the 200km
canyon of Wadi Hadramawt. In Sayyun's best hotel, air-conditioned doubles
with satellite TV cost only £10-£15 a night. In Tarim, we stayed in an
ornate former palace, built entirely of mud (except for the swimming
pool). In Shibam, "the Manhattan of Arabia", one of three Unesco World
Heritage Sites in Yemen, we wandered among the tower-houses, dodging goats
and chatting to souvenir-shop owners desperate for a return to better
times.
The history of Yemen is
especially important because
Yemen
is one of the oldest centers of
civilization in the
Near East.[1]
Its relatively fertile land and adequate rainfall in a moister
climate helped sustain a stable population, a feature recognized
by the ancient Greek geographer
Ptolemy, who described Yemen as Eudaimon Arabia (better
known in its Latin translation, Arabia Felix) meaning "fortunate
Arabia" or Happy Arabia. Between the 12th century BCE and
the 6th century CE, it was dominated by six successive
civilizations which rivaled each other, or were allied with each
other and controlled the lucrative
spice
trade:
M'ain,
Qataban,
Hadhramaut,
Awsan,
Saba
and
Himyarite.[2]
Islam arrived in 630 CE, and Yemen became part of the Muslim realm.
The Yemeni desert regions (Rub'a
Alkhali and
Sayhad) were the core of the
Nomadic Semites that will migrate to the North settling
Akkad
and later penetrating
Mesopotamia[3]
eventually conquering
Sumer
by 2300BC and assimilating the
Amorites of Syria.
Some scholars[who?]
believe that Yemen remains the only region in the world that is
exclusively
Semitic, meaning that Yemen historically did not have any non-Semitic
speaking people. Yemeni Semites derived their
Musnad script by the 12th - 8th centuries BC, which explains
why most historians will date all the ancient Yemeni kingdoms to
the 12th - 8th centuries BC.
Mesopotamia became
Semitic by 2300BCE; previously it was Sumerian.
Syria
Amorites were under Sumerian influence, before being
Assimilated by the Semites 2300BCE. Coastal North Africa became
Semitic by the 800BCE via the
Phoenicians; before that it was
Berber. The
Horn of Africa's first Semitic nation
Dam't was a Yemeni settlement.
According to Arab tradition,
the
Semites of South Arabia integrated into Qahtan lineage 40
generations before the
Qahtani Yemeni tribe of
Jurhum adopted
Ismail and 80 generations before Adnan was born, in the 23rd
century BCE. After the fall of the Northern Semitic cultures,
Qahtan revived the Semitic influence in the North though the
famous
Kahlan (Azd
and
Lakhm) and other Yemeni tribes migration into the north 3rd
century AD after the first destruction of the
Marib Dam.[4].
The
Qahtani Semites remained dominant in Yemen from 2300BCE to
800BCE, but little is known about this era because the Semites of
the South were separated by the vast Arabian desert from
Mesopotamian Semites and they lacked any type of script to record
their history. However, it is known that they actively traded
along the Red Sea coasts. This led to contact with the
Phoenicians and from them the Southern Semites adopted their
writing script in 800BC. Around 800BC the Southern Semites began
recording their history.[5]
The Tihama Semitic culture
lasted from 1500-1200 BCE. During the late 2nd millennium BCE, a
cultural Semitic complex arose in the
Tihama region of Yemen and spread to northern
Ethiopia and
Eritrea (specifically
Tigray Region, central Eritrea, and coastal areas like
Adulis). The Semites of Yemen began settling the Ethiopian
highlands. These settlements would reach their climax by the 8th
century BCE, eventually giving rise to the
Dam't and
Aksum kingdoms[6
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